DUOLIN INHELAR

How DUOLIN INHELAR Works

• DUOLIN INHALER is a combination medicine containing two bronchodilators: levosalbutamol and ipratropium. These medications work together to open up the airways in the lungs, making it easier to breathe. Levosalbutamol is a short-acting beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist that relaxes the smooth muscles in the airways. When levosalbutamol is inhaled, it quickly stimulates beta-2 receptors located on the smooth muscle cells lining the bronchioles (small air passages in the lungs). This stimulation triggers a cascade of intracellular events, leading to the activation of adenylate cyclase. Adenylate cyclase increases the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a crucial signaling molecule. Increased cAMP levels cause the smooth muscle cells to relax, resulting in bronchodilation (widening of the airways). This bronchodilation reduces airway resistance, allowing for improved airflow and easier breathing. The effects of levosalbutamol are rapid in onset, typically providing relief from bronchospasm (airway constriction) within minutes. However, its duration of action is relatively short, usually lasting for about 4 to 6 hours.
• Ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic bronchodilator. It works by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that causes the muscles around the airways to tighten. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that binds to muscarinic receptors on smooth muscle cells in the airways, causing them to contract and narrow the airways. Ipratropium competitively blocks these muscarinic receptors, preventing acetylcholine from binding and exerting its bronchoconstricting effects. By blocking acetylcholine's action, ipratropium inhibits the contraction of smooth muscles around the airways, leading to bronchodilation (widening of the airways). This helps to improve airflow and reduce breathing difficulties. Ipratropium's effects are slower to develop compared to levosalbutamol, taking about 30 to 60 minutes to reach peak bronchodilation. However, its duration of action is longer, typically lasting for about 6 to 8 hours.
• The combined effect of levosalbutamol and ipratropium in DUOLIN INHALER provides both rapid and sustained bronchodilation. Levosalbutamol offers quick relief by relaxing airway muscles, while ipratropium provides longer-lasting bronchodilation by blocking acetylcholine's bronchoconstricting effects. This synergistic action makes DUOLIN INHALER effective in managing bronchospasm associated with conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). DUOLIN INHALER is administered directly into the lungs via inhalation. This allows the medications to act locally on the airways, minimizing systemic absorption and potential side effects. The inhaler delivers a fine mist of the medication that is inhaled into the lungs, where it can quickly reach the target receptors and produce its bronchodilatory effects. Regular and proper use of DUOLIN INHALER, as directed by a healthcare professional, can help to improve lung function, reduce symptoms like wheezing and shortness of breath, and enhance the overall quality of life for individuals with respiratory conditions.

Like all medicines, DUOLIN INHALER can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them. **Common side effects (may affect up to 1 in 10 people):** * Tremor * Headache * Dizziness * Palpitations * Cough * Dry mouth * Nausea **Uncommon side effects (may affect up to 1 in 100 people):** * Sore throat * Tachycardia * Nervousness * Muscle cramps * Disturbance in taste **Rare side effects (may affect up to 1 in 1,000 people):** * Paradoxical bronchospasm (sudden wheezing or difficulty breathing after using the inhaler) * Hypersensitivity reactions, including skin rash, itching, angioedema (swelling of the face, lips, tongue or throat) * Atrial fibrillation (an irregular heartbeat) * Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhoea, Dyspepsia * Urticaria * Hypokalemia **Very rare side effects (may affect up to 1 in 10,000 people):** * Lactic acidosis * ECG changes, Angina pectoris * Hyperglycemia, Hyperinsulinemia, Ketosis **Not known (frequency cannot be estimated from the available data):** * Eye irritation * Blurred vision * Increased intraocular pressure If any side effect gets serious, or if you notice any side effects not listed above, please tell your doctor or pharmacist.

• If you miss a dose of Duolin Inhaler, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.

• Keep DUOLIN INHELAR away from the reach of children and pets.
• Store DUOLIN INHELAR at room temperature.

• Always follow your doctor's instructions: Use DUOLIN INHALER exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not change the dosage or frequency without consulting them, even if you feel better.
• Prime the inhaler before first use or if unused for 2 weeks: To ensure the correct dose, prime the inhaler by releasing a few puffs into the air, following the manufacturer’s instructions.
• Proper Inhalation Technique is Key: Breathe out fully, then place the inhaler mouthpiece in your mouth, creating a tight seal with your lips. Inhale slowly and deeply while pressing down on the canister. Hold your breath for as long as comfortable (usually 10 seconds) before exhaling slowly.
• Clean your inhaler regularly: To prevent clogging and ensure proper hygiene, clean your inhaler mouthpiece regularly with a clean, dry cloth. Refer to the manufacturer's instructions for detailed cleaning guidelines.
• Monitor for Side Effects: Be aware of potential side effects like increased heart rate, tremors, or cough. If you experience any bothersome or persistent side effects, consult your doctor promptly.
• Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help to thin mucus and ease breathing difficulties, especially during periods of exacerbation.
• Avoid Triggers: Identify and avoid triggers that can worsen your respiratory condition, such as smoke, allergens, or cold air.
• Carry your inhaler with you: Always carry your DUOLIN INHALER with you, especially when you are away from home, so you can use it when you need it.
• Understand Rescue vs. Maintenance: DUOLIN INHALER is often used as a rescue inhaler to quickly relieve symptoms. Understand when and how to use it for immediate relief versus long-term control, as per your doctor’s guidance.
• Check Expiration Date: Regularly check the expiration date on your inhaler and replace it before it expires to ensure its effectiveness.

• DUOLIN INHALER is generally safe to use with food. There are no known significant food interactions. You can use DUOLIN INHALER before or after your meals without affecting its efficacy. However, if you experience any stomach upset, consult your doctor.